Safety applications for human models

Impact loading in transport, military, day-to-day life

Generally safety defines condition of being safe; freedom from danger, risk or injury. Today, human models are developed for one of the most common conditions of the safety field applications: the human being prevention to impact loading.

Historically, ESI started its human modeling activity for passive safety applications. Why human models for road safety?

Human models are a complementary numerical tool to overcome limited capabilities of mechanical dummies.

Human models are the most adapted numerical tool to:
- Improve the design of safety components for real-life accidents:
o Complex, multi-directional impacts (frontal, rear, side, rollover)
o Complex occupant situations (Out-of-position)
o Limited capabilities of mechanical dummies
- Obtain realistic kinematics
- Understand injury mechanisms and to propose enhanced prediction of standard/advanced injury criteria (deformable tissues)
- Include muscle tone effects
- Complement the number of R&D cadaver tests

Based on its expertise on human modeling for impact applications, and in particular in passive safety configurations, a new generation of ESI human models has been developed:

- Anthropometry from Robbins (basis of the mechanical dummies)
- Several model categories
o AM50a: available
- American 50% percentile male
- Articulated Rigid body model ( Rigid body segments + articulated joints)
o AM50s : available
- American 50% percentile male: 2 models, occupant and pedestrian
- Rigid bones with articulated joints
- Deformable ribs (beams), simplified organs and flesh
o AM50d: in progress
- American 50% percentile male
- Fully deformable human model with modular segments

These human models are available for studies and joint projects. Made for the needs of safety in road transport applications, they can be adapted to other fields.
Examples:
- Simulations of real road car crashes (APROSYS project, with collaboration of INRETS, TUG, UWB)
o Frontal real car crash: Comparison with HUMOS (animated gifs)
o Lateral real car crash (animated gifs)
- Rear impact simulation , including muscle effect (courtesy of Samsung)
- Bracing simulation in car accidents

-> Medium dashboard: Femoral shaft fracture

-> Hard dashboard: Femoral distal epiphysis fracture

- 6 year-old child and FTSS dummy models: Behavior under frontal car crash
- Out-of-position analysis:
o comparison between 5% female model and FTSS Hybrid 305 models
o 6 year-old child kinematics
- Pedestrian impact to analyze guard effect (courtesy of Samsung)
- Combatant Protection – Skull rupture under bullet impact and effect on CSF

- Fall of female body: Kinematics